Security Control: Access Control Enforcement

How to Implement:

• Enforce server-side access control for every protected action (never rely on client checks).
• Use centralized authorization library / middleware (RBAC/ABAC).
• Deny-by-default: default to no access, grant minimal privileges.
• Protect object references (use indirect references/UUIDs; validate ownership).
• Test: automated authorization unit tests, access matrix tests, fuzz object ids, role switching tests, DAST checks for access bypass.

Security Control: Cryptography & Secret Handling

How to Implement:

• Do not invent crypto; use vetted libraries and current primitives (AEAD, TLS ≥1.2/1.3).
• Encrypt sensitive data at rest with strong KDFs / key management (separate KMS).
• Protect secrets: use vaults (HashiCorp Vault, cloud KMS), avoid hardcoded secrets, rotate keys.
• Test: secret scanning in code, repo scans, verify TLS configs (Mozilla TLS tools), encryption unit tests.

Security Control: Input Validation & Injection Protection

How to Implement:

• Use parameterized queries / ORM with bind parameters for DBs.
• Validate & canonicalize input server-side; apply allowlists where possible.
• Contextual output encoding for HTML/JS/URL/CSS to prevent XSS.
• Use CSP headers, HttpOnly & Secure cookies.
• Test: SAST for injection patterns, dynamic scanners for injection/XSS, manual verification of encoding.

Security Control: Secure Design/Threat Modeling

How to Implement:

• Do threat modeling early (STRIDE/PASTA) focusing on authentication, authorization, business logic.
• Use secure design patterns / paved-road libraries (ASVS controls).
• Define security user stories and acceptance criteria; bake security into CI/CD gates.
• Test: design review checklists, architecture threat model sign-off.

Security Control: Configuration & Environment Hardening

How to Implement:

• Use immutable infra and IaC (Terraform/CloudFormation) with secure baselines.
• Remove debug endpoints; disable directory listing; enforce secure headers.
• Harden default accounts, disable unused services, ensure secure defaults.
• Test: automated config scanning (benchmarks, CIS), periodic config drift checks, prod hardening checklist

Security Control: Component/Dependency Hygiene

How to Implement:

• Maintain SBOM; enforce approved dependency list; use latest patched versions
• Use dependency-scanning in CI (OSS analyzers, SCA tools), block builds on critical CVEs.
• Minimize libraries & remove unused packages; apply runtime protections.
• Test: SCA reports, dependency freshness dashboard, vulnerability SLA for fixes.

Security Control: Authentication & Session Management

How to Implement:

• Use proven auth frameworks, avoid DIY auth; enforce MFA for sensitive flows
• Protect session identifiers: Secure, HttpOnly, SameSite cookies; rotate and expire tokens.
• Implement brute-force protections, account lockouts, and adaptive auth.
• Test: credential stuffing simulations, session fixation checks, token expiry tests.

Security Control: Integrity & Supply Chain Protections

How to Implement:

• Verify integrity of code & dependencies (signed artifacts, reproducible builds.
• Protect CI/CD pipelines and secret injection points; enforce least privilege for build agents.
• Use runtime integrity checks (binary signing, checksums).
• Test: pipeline threat modeling, sign/verify workflows, supply-chain security scans.

Security Control: Logging, monitoring & detection

How to Implement:

• Centralize logs (SIEM) and store relevant security context (no sensitive data in logs
• Implement alerts for suspicious patterns (auth failures, privilege escalations, mass downloads).
• Ensure log integrity and retention; test alerting paths and run playbooks.
• Test: blue/purple team exercises, alert tuning, log-source coverage checks.

Security Control: Server-side Request Forgery/External Calls

How to Implement:

• Do not fetch arbitrary URLs from user input; validate and restrict to allowlists
• Use network egress controls (proxy, deny internal network access for app).
• Inspect and sanitize redirects and URL inputs; isolate components that make outbound requests.
• Test: SSRF test cases, internal host scanning from app context, egress policy verification.